Scrotum and testicles

What is the scrotum?

The scrotum is the sack of skin hanging behind the penis. It holds the two testicles (testes or balls) so that they hang outside the body to keep them cooler than the rest of the body. This lower temperature allows sperm to develop properly. The testicles should be about the same size and weight but sometimes they do vary a little in size, shape and weight. You usually find that one hangs lower than the other.

There are a number of problems affecting the scrotum and its contents including:

  • Hydrocele
  • Vaicocele
  • Torsion
  • Undescended testicles
  • Orchitis
  • Spermatocele
  • Edpidiymitis
  • Testicular cancer

Information on these can be found on the next pages.

As with any medical concern, it is important that if you notice any unusual changes, seek your doctor's advice as soon as possible.

Many different conditions affecting the scrotum and contents produce similar signs and symptoms including:sharp pains, dull aches, swellings, discharge from the penis, painful urination, painful ejaculation (pain when you 'come') and even blood when you urinate or ejaculate. Any unusual or persistent condition should be discussed with your doctor for advice and reassurance. The cause may be easily identified and treated. Even the more serious conditions are more successfully treated when they are dealt with early.